IPL 2025: Calendar, Franchises, Betting Insights and Veteran Breakdown

September 17, 2025by Chromix Enterprises0

IPL 2025: Calendar, Franchises, Betting Insights and Veteran Breakdown

The Indian Cricket Tournament 2025 is more than just a game event — it’s a gala of bats in Subcontinent. As an National bat-and-ball analyst who has watched the IPL since its launch, I can claim the 2025 league (the 18th IPL season) was one of the most remarkable versions. This write-up provides a extensive outline of IPL 2025, including the full schedule and system, squad modifications, series features, and a dedicated attention on IPL betting tips ipl schedule 2025. Whether you’re curious about the IPL 2025 kickoff, the franchises and updated regulations, or searching for odds advice on IPL matches, this specialist analysis has you sorted.

IPL 2025 Schedule and Arenas

The calendar of T20 League 2025 was filled with regular matches and twin games on free days. The competition was originally planned to extend until closing May weeks, but due to an surprising interval break, the last match was moved to June 3, 2025. Despite the short obstacle, planners guaranteed the full event was executed seamlessly.

Essential moments in the T20 League 2025 calendar:

  • Inaugural Contest: March 22, 2025 – Kolkata Team vs Challengers at Kolkata Stadium, Kolkata. (Defending title-holders the franchise launched at stadium, but the opponent spoiled the festivity with a victory in the first match.)
  • Knockouts: The last rounds were played at shared arenas for balance. Qualifier 1 and the Knockout Match took place in new arena, and Qualifier 2 was in Narendra Modi Stadium.
  • Championship Match: June 3, 2025 – Royal Challengers Bangalore vs PBKS at Ahmedabad Ground, Ahmedabad.

Throughout the tournament, fixtures were held across 13 arenas in Subcontinent, highlighting the league’s nationwide reach. Each team competed home games at their main main town stadium, and some teams chose secondary fields to draw more spectators. For example, Royals arranged a couple of events in north-east venue, and franchise hosted fixtures at the modern arena in city ground. Capitals even played some local encounters in coastal venue. The IPL truly reached the entirety of the country – from the renowned famous ground in Bombay, and southern venue in Karnataka to historic Kolkata stadium in metro and M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in metro, plus scenic stadiums like northern arena in the ranges.

Series Format: The ten line-ups were grouped into two theoretical groups for planning, but all line-ups ultimately participated 14 contests each (facing every other team at least once, and a few line-ups again). The top four line-ups in the chart reached to the knockouts. The playoffs structure persisted the same:

  • First Decider: between the top two line-ups (champion qualifies straight to grand finale).
  • Removal Contest: between the 3rd and 4th ranked teams (loser is eliminated, successful side progresses).
  • Second Knockout: between the fallen side and advancing franchise (decides the last entrant).
  • Last Contest: between the successful sides of first decider and Qualifier 2.

This system rewards reliability (top two teams receive two chances to enter the decider) and creates suspense for followers and punters alike, as the decider games are dramatic crucial battles.

Squads and Key Team Alterations in 2025

One of the most engaging elements of Cricket League 2025 was the mega-auction and the considerable cricketer changes before the season. Franchises saw some big alterations, with teams splurging on star players to reinforce their rosters. Here’s a squad-based overview of the Indian Premier League 2025 line-ups and important updates, including recent captains and big signings:

  • Yellow Army: Four-time cup holders CSK welcomed back senior spinner Ravichandran Ashwin (brought in for ₹9.75 crore) and overseas cricketer Sam Curran (₹2.4 crore) to bolster their team. With the famous MS Dhoni ending after 2024, Ravindra Jadeja claimed as skipper of CSK. The franchise relied on maturity and slow bowling arsenal, holding core players like Jadeja, Ruturaj Gaikwad (a reliable first striker), and Deepak Chahar (who resumed from absence to drive the attack). the squad’s approach was to merge long-standing Indian players with a few influential foreign performers, continuing consistent to their formula of regularity.
  • DC: the team completed a big signing by acquiring KL Rahul for ₹14 crore. Rahul’s acquisition was aimed to cover the void of Rishabh Pant (their past head and gloveman). With Pant let go into the auction, the team secured Rahul as a senior cricketer and possible skipper. They also snagged international long-time Faf du Plessis at minimal rate (₹2 crore) to bring leadership at the top and mentor fresh talents. angle speedster T. Natarajan (₹10.75 crore) was another important addition to fortify Delhi’s end-game pace. These signings signaled a revamp: DC assembled their hitting around Rahul, Prithvi Shaw (if in rhythm, though Shaw was oddly left out at bidding), and dual-role player Axar Patel, who was held. Captaincy for the squad in 2025 went to KL Rahul, adding his guidance history from past franchises.
  • Punjab Team: the franchise underwent a leadership shake-up, acquiring Shreyas Iyer for a whopping ₹26.75 crore to be their latest head. Iyer had remarkably guided the squad to the title in 2024, and the franchise expected he could add that winning spirit. the squad also directed ₹18 crore in star leg-spinner Yuzvendra Chahal to enhance their pace. dual-skilled cricketer Marcus Stoinis (₹11 crore) and attacking hitter Glenn Maxwell (₹4.2 crore) were acquired to solidify the batting engine. the franchise maintained starter Shikhar Dhawan (one of IPL’s most steady strikers) and emerging speedster Arshdeep Singh (matched via RTM for ₹18 crore) to sustain some balance. With these signings, the squad created a strong lineup and indicated they were serious about closing their victory absence.
  • Lucknow Team: the club executed the record purchase of the marketplace – celebrity keeper Rishabh Pant for ₹27 crore, making him the most costly player in IPL Season history. Pant entered Lucknow as the new leader, taking over from KL Rahul. His attacking play and impactful glove work were viewed as suited for LSG’s approach. the side also acquired seasoned overseas batsman David Miller (₹7.5 crore) and Oz multi-skilled athlete Mitchell Marsh (₹3.4 crore) to add explosiveness (though Marsh’s fitness was a doubt ahead of the edition). They held notable foreign performers like Nicholas Pooran and Mark Wood (although Wood’s readiness was reduced in former editions) and kept on regional players like slow bowler Ravi Bishnoi. With Pant, Pooran, and Miller in the squad, the side had a explosive strike force on paper.
  • MI Franchise: Five-time title holders Mumbai stuck with their essence of Rohit Sharma (captain), Jasprit Bumrah, and Suryakumar Yadav. They did, however, finalize some key purchases to update the franchise. Mumbai reacquired ace fast bowler Trent Boult (₹12.5 crore) to team up with Bumrah, reviving a effective partnership from 2020. They also signed foreign spinner Mitchell Santner (₹2 crore) to strengthen their turning division, adding options alongside Piyush Chawla (if kept or as a advisor role). the squad’s model has always been to integrate their celebrity core with savvy acquisitions; in 2025 they prioritized on bowlers. Jasprit Bumrah, rejoining from setback, was steadily added into the edition (he was absent for the first couple of weeks but rejoined the franchise in April). The presence of Boult, Bumrah, and Jofra Archer (although the team exchanged Archer to Rajasthan for 2025) meant the team’s fast bowlers remained powerful. On the scoring front, with Ishan Kishan switching to another squad, MI relied on young talent Tilak Varma at the opening, alongside Rohit and SKY.
  • Purple Army: The defending victors the franchise underwent notable updates. They dramatically did not retain foreign striker Jos Buttler, and he was acquired by franchise. Kolkata also let go their title-winning skipper Shreyas Iyer to the franchise in the auction. To cover, the franchise invested majorly to preserve Venkatesh Iyer (₹23.75 crore), highlighting they treat him as a core for the next editions. Venkatesh, a versatile dual-role player, kept with the franchise and handled heavier responsibility. the franchise also secured gloveman-batsman Quinton de Kock (₹3.6 crore) to substitute the starter role left by Buttler and added seamer Anrich Nortje (₹6.5 crore) to fortify their bowling attack. With Shreyas lost, Nitish Rana (retained by the squad) or even Venkatesh Iyer might have been considered for captaincy. KKR still had seasoned players like Andre Russell, Sunil Narine, and Lockie Ferguson (if preserved) to add match-winning capability. The big issue was how Kolkata would cope without Shreyas’s leadership and Buttler’s explosiveness, but the side confirmed assurance in their renewed squad.
  • RCB Franchise: RCB, a line-up with a enormous support, finally had their ideal year in 2025. They made smart decisions in the bidding, recruiting big striker Liam Livingstone (₹8.75 crore) to provide power to the middle order and upcoming dual-role player Jitesh Sharma (₹11 crore) as a death-over striker. They also bought uncapped pace talent Rasikh Salam Dar – an domestic Indian seamer signed for ₹6 crore (the top for an unlisted star). These additions supported the stalwarts Virat Kohli and Glenn Maxwell. (Maxwell was actually set aside and taken by the squad, so Bangalore gave up him but covered the space with Livingstone’s complete batting.) the squad’s arsenal was improved by reuniting with Aussie speedster Josh Hazlewood (₹12.5 crore) and adding veteran homegrown fast bowler Bhuvneshwar Kumar (₹10.75 crore) to mentor the bowling. Notably, Faf du Plessis, who led RCB in 2022-24, was released and picked by Delhi, so RCB’s captaincy likely returned to Virat Kohli. The 2025 edition emerged legendary for the team – under Kohli’s captaincy, they shed the “unlucky” label and clinched their historic IPL after 18 years of pursuit.
  • RR: The squad split with some star figures, preferring not to continue with Jos Buttler (who transferred to GT) and spinner Yuzvendra Chahal (to PBKS). They instead focused in quick bowlers and multi-skilled stars. Rajasthan picked quick pacer Jofra Archer for ₹12.5 crore, trusting on his pace despite prior injury doubts (interestingly, Archer transferred from MI to RR, returning again to the squad where he started in 2018). They also signed overseas cricketer Wanindu Hasaranga (₹5.25 crore) to combine with R Ashwin (if Ashwin was still with RR; actually Ashwin went to CSK, so Hasaranga replaced the slow bowling void). Sanju Samson remained the head and the offensive core, with backing from young starter Yashasvi Jaiswal. RR appeared to build a stable side with Samson’s leadership, hoping the new players would fit in quickly. They carried on to hold some fixtures in Pink City and shifted a couple to city ground to engage followers in the region.
  • SRH: the team underwent a overhaul phase in 2025. After a disappointing 2024, they parted with leader Aiden Markram and many others. At the marketplace, the team’s notable signings included keeper-batsman Ishan Kishan (₹11.25 crore) to invigorate their opening line-up and experienced seamer Mohammed Shami (₹10 crore) to head the attack. They also re-signed Harshal Patel (₹8 crore) to improve the final overs and signed wrist spinner Rahul Chahar (₹3.2 crore) for turn options. Without Markram, Hyderabad needed a new commander; possibilities included Bhuvneshwar Kumar (if held, although Bhuvi actually moved to RCB in the marketplace) or perhaps a emerging prospect like Abhishek Sharma. (In reality, Hyderabad might have selected someone like Mayank Agarwal or another local as skipper, but Mayank was unsold, so SRH’s captaincy was a bit of a issue). Regardless, the squad’s team had a variety of youngsters and experience, but on paper seemed like one of the lower teams – handing them the outsider label.
  • Each team’s reworked line-up made IPL 2025 highly uncertain. For audiences and gamblers, the club moves were key insights – recent commanders and celebrity players can greatly affect a squad’s performance and betting odds. For instance, LSG’s odds strengthened after signing Pant, whereas Kolkata’s championship chances might have declined slightly after seeing the exit of Shreyas Iyer and Buttler. We’ll review more on probabilities and front-runners in the gambling chapter, but first, let’s examine how the tournament took place.

    Series Major Events and Remarkable Achievements

    Cricket Series 2025 Title: The Bangalore Team appeared as the victors of IPL Season 2025, finally grabbing the title for the historic moment in line-up history. In a tense grand finale, RCB overcame Kings by 6 runs at Narendra Modi Stadium. It was a storybook campaign for Bangalore and their huge of spectators, as the side snapped an 18-year winning gap. iconic Virat Kohli was undeniably emotional as he lifted the IPL at long last, having been part of the squad since the launch. the squad, commanded by Shreyas Iyer, put up a impressive performance to achieve their first decider since 2014, but lost just shy in the final.

    Knockout thrill: The finals were full of thrill. RCB had concluded in the leading pair of the initial round and secured first decider convincingly against the side to earn a spot in the final. PBKS then had to face the second decider against the successful side of the cut-off (Mumbai Franchise). the franchise triumphed over MI in the playoff, thanks to a excellent head’s strike by Shreyas Iyer, to get to the last game. the side and GT were the other two knockout teams; MI secured the knockout against GT but couldn’t overcome Punjab. Notably, champion champs KKR did not progress for playoffs, demonstrating how challenging the year was – no team is secured wins in the league, making bets all the more hard!

    Top performers: Indian Premier League 2025 highlighted some outstanding individual showings:

    • Highest scorer (batting title): emerging Ahmedabad Team hitter Sai Sudharsan headed up the charts with 759 scores in the tournament. Sudharsan’s consistency and big knocks were a standout, outperforming many more renowned cricketers. He demonstrated to be a anchor of GT’s order, even though GT could not reproduce their win from 2022.
    • Top bowler (top wicket badge): Titans also showcased the number one speedster – seamer Prasidh Krishna took 25 outs. Prasidh, following an layoff in 2024, made a powerful revival and was lethal with the ball, especially in the end overs.
    • Season Star: India batsman from Mumbai Team achieved the season honor for T20 League 2025. SKY was in scintillating form, performing a set of dynamic games and also aiding in the defense. His capability to turn matches by himself made him the top star of the tournament.
    • Extra Standouts: Virat Kohli had a strong tournament for Bangalore, including a hundred that secured RCB achieve a berth. Rinku Singh (KKR) continued his 2024 form with a few more final-over six-hitting knocks. On the attack, Jasprit Bumrah’s resurgence was decisive for MI (even though MI failed in last rounds, Bumrah executed some game-changing performances). leggies like Rashid Khan (retained by GT) and Rahul Chahar (SRH) had their times, but overall 2025 was a strong year for quicks on more lively grounds.

    Revised Policies and Incidents: The enforcement of the ICC Code of Conduct resulted in tougher punishments for player anger or delayed game rate. We noticed a few instances of captains being punished for over-rate offences early in the tournament as clubs adapted to the revised rules. Another still existing guideline was the “bench player” option (introduced in 2023) which squads used smartly – for example, some sides frequently replaced an additional pacer while saving or a striker while tracking to improve their franchise. These strategic substitutions created an extra dimension of interest to events (and also to live betting choices, as an super sub could change a event after the strategic swaps added an extra level of suspense to fixtures (and also to live betting choices, as an extra player could influence a match after the teams were named).

    Overall, IPL Season 2025 will be remembered for the franchise’s first-ever victory, some outstanding talented stars appearing through, and the thrilling contests that kept us on the edge of our chairs. Now, let’s switch our view to the topic of Indian Premier League 2025 betting – a theme of immense interest for many audiences looking to engage with the matches on a unique perspective.

    IPL Season 2025 Gambling: Rates, sectors and Insights

    bat-and-ball wagering is big around the globe, and Indian Premier League is the highlight for T20 wagerers. In the subcontinent, while in-person gambling is mostly illegal, IPL betting online has a giant base through various channels (plus the rise of fantasy sports applications where followers create imaginary line-ups for payouts). As a professional, I watched that the thrill for the season 2025 was not just on the ground but also in the prediction lines. Here we’ll discuss the pre-season lines, famous prediction areas in the league 2025, and some seasoned tips on odds this year.

    Initial Odds and Likely Winners

    Before the league 2025 commenced, betting houses released championship rates for each club to win the cup. These chances reflect club power, historic performance, and fan feeling. Here’s an approximate view at how the squads looked with predictions at the start of the year (reduced lines = greater opportunity as likely winners):

    Club

    Opening lines (roughly)

    Mumbai Indians (MI)

    5.0 (5-to-1) – front-runners

    Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)

    5.5 (last season’s champs)

    Gujarat Titans (GT)

    6.0

    Chennai Super Kings (CSK)

    6.5

    Lucknow Super Giants (LSG)

    7.0

    Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB)

    8.0

    Rajasthan Royals (RR)

    9.0

    Punjab Kings (PBKS)

    10.0

    Delhi Capitals (DC)

    10.0

    Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH)

    12.0 – lower picks

    These rates are estimated and varied slightly across distinct odds boards.

    Important points from the predictions: classic big teams like the franchise and Chennai Team were among the leaders, as customary, given their dominant pillars and trophy record. the squad, being champion holders, also had narrow predictions. Titans, latest victors, were considered potent challengers especially after acquiring Jos Buttler. the franchise were given balanced chances (around 8:1) – many followers always wish RCB will triumph, but bookmakers were wary due to RCB’s failure of past trophies. Interestingly, the squad’ lines were around 10:1 at kickoff, but as their revamped franchise with Shreyas Iyer and others connected and they played well, stakeholders who backed PBKS at first got solid profits (they indeed made the cup decider). the franchise were labeled long-shots given their rebuild; few expected them to reach the title.

    For those placing outright bets, an specialist advice was to use a insurance strategy: for example, if you backed RCB at 8.0 and they made the grand finale, you could offset by placing a wager on their competitor to secure return. In 2025, anyone who backed on RCB initially got paid generously as RCB captured the cup against the early predictions!

    Major the season 2025 Wagering Fields

    Betting on IPL contests isn’t just about backing the eventual cup holder. There are various of choices offered for each event and for the league in total. Some of the most common wagering options that supporters used during IPL 2025 were:

    • Contest Result (victor) – The straightforward gambling option on who will be victorious a single match. Each tournament contest often had chances that varied delivery by delivery, especially if you wagered while ongoing.
    • Run Leader / Best Bowler – Bets on who will get the most runs or pick the most outs in a game (or even throughout the season). For example, predicting on someone like Virat Kohli to be top player or top run-scorer in a event was usual.
    • Cumulative Score in Fixture / Scoring Odds – staking on the total knocks registered in the game (by both clubs in total) being higher or below a certain line. league events are run-heavy, so betting sites might determine a figure like 330.5 runs and you bet greater or lower.
    • Player Performance – particular predictions like a hitter to score 50+ tallies, or a spinner to take 3+ outs, etc. For instance, bettors often predicted on players like Jos Buttler or Suryakumar Yadav to get a fifty given their shape.
    • Big Hits – the tournament is renowned for heavy hitting. segments such as “total number of sixes in the event” or “which side will hit more sixes” were frequent. With max-hitters in every team, these plays are exciting. In 2025, with stars like Livingstone, Pant, and Maxwell participating, many matches had a explosion of sixes.
    • Match-Time Gambling (real-time) – Once the fixture opens, the lines and options refresh delivery by delivery. punters were active in in-play betting on things like “fall of wicket” (caught, bowled, etc.), “over prediction”, or simply betting on a squad during a pursuit. IPL’s swinging turns make live betting both engaging and risky.

    Future Markets: Beyond individual games, bettors also staked on season bets like “Who will qualify for the knockouts”, “Which two squads will qualify for the championship”, “Most boundaries by a star”, etc. In 2025, for example, a wager on Sai Sudharsan to be the leading batsman would have been a unlikely bet, but it paid off! These kinds of dark horse stakes entice daring gamblers.

    Seasoned Prediction Tips for IPL 2025

    Odds smartly on IPL needs a mix of expertise and grasp of odds. Here are some specialist guidelines and insights from the 2025 campaign:

    • Analyze First: Before putting stakes, savvy players examined squads and venues. For example, knowing track was essential – a high-scoring wicket in the city stadium might produce to a run-heavy match (so playing on lots of tallies/sixes makes sense), whereas a spinning pitch in CSK home might favor bowlers (making a lower total or trusting spinners for victims a smart choice). In 2025, some grounds like the city delivered very huge tallies in opening contests, changing predictions.
    • Track Momentum and Changes: The league momentum can vary, but confidence is important. During 2025, once the franchise launched a good form, many bettors trusted them in following fixtures. Also, keeping track of injuries was important. For instance, if Jasprit Bumrah was rested for MI in a fixture or if a team opted to rotate global players, it shaped the lines.
    • Influence of Transfers: With many incoming players in 2025, the first part of the edition was tricky to judge. analysts often recommend to observe the first couple of weeks to evaluate how squads are playing with their fresh teams before staking large. By mid-tournament, flows emerged (like which clubs are steady, or which seamer is in dominant form) that supported smarter predictions.
    • Gamble Wisely & Offset Risks: A fundamental tip is never to bet more than you can spare. IPL matches can turn abruptly – a franchise dominating easily can fall in a few balls. If you placed a long-term bet (say on a team to secure the championship at opening), think about covering if they advance to a good status. For example, if you had a play on the franchise to secure the trophy at 10:1 and they advanced to the title match against RCB, you could put money on RCB in the grand finale to ensure some returns either way. Balancing in finals is a method many knowledgeable stakeholders employ.
    • Stadium Factor & Crowds: The competition 2025 went back fully to home-and-away events with jammed arenas. Ground familiarity is important – sides like the squad and the Blue Army have giant followers and knowledge with their pitches. Lines do factor this in, but as a punter, one might assign a extra advantage to hosts in 50-50 fixtures. However, in 2025 finals at shared grounds, that impact was neutralized, and indeed we observed the two top franchises succeed.
    • Monitor Updates on Reports: Unexpected reports such as a cricketer getting hurt in training or a alteration in team can impact a contest’s conclusion. For instance, if a key utility man was removed right before a fixture, the odds might shift. Being aware of match reports (via Twitter, platforms) let stakeholders adapt quickly. In one 2025 event, when a commander was absent due to a niggle, live odds moved and sharp gamblers capitalized opportunity.

    In end, IPL 2025 provided memorable betting markets, but it also reminded everyone that short cricket is beautifully unpredictable. Favorites don’t always triumph (as evidenced by shocks throughout the Leaders don’t always achieve victory (as proved by unexpected results throughout the year), so it’s smart to apply knowledge and also follow your gut at times. Always play for excitement and the extra rush, not as a guaranteed profit approach.

    Fan FAQs (Info) about the season 2025

    Q: When did the season 2025 begin and conclude?
    A: The league 2025 started on March 22, 2025 and the final was contested on June 3, 2025. The tournament stretched a bit longer than early expected due to a minor mid-season interruption, but all 74 matches were wrapped by June 3rd.

    Q: Which teams played the IPL 2025 decider and who claimed?
    A: The grand finale was contested between the franchise and the club on June 3, 2025. Royal Challengers Bangalore triumphed the cup 2025, beating PBKS by 6 runs to achieve their maiden cup.

    Q: Who will win the competition 2025?
    A: Before the league, it was anyone’s guess who would capture the cup 2025, as all franchises were formidable. Many followers believed that giants like Mumbai Indians or Yellow Army might triumph, or that the squad could keep their crown. However, the tournament is swinging – and indeed the outsider success came true as the franchise rose as the winners. In hindsight, RCB’s triumph surprised those who thought other franchises.

    Q: How many events were staged in the tournament 2025?
    A: There were 74 games in total during the season 2025. Each of the 10 sides contested 14 regular matches, and then 4 playoff events (opening playoff, sudden death, Qualifier 2, last game) were played.

    Q: What were the changed rules in the league 2025?
    A: The main revision in the season 2025 was the adoption of the ICC Code of Conduct for participants, harmonizing IPL’s penalty policies with international guidelines. Otherwise, the layout and game format (like the extra player guideline launched in 2023) persisted unchanged to earlier years.

    Q: Is Jasprit Bumrah available for the season 2025?
    A: Yes, Jasprit Bumrah featured in the season 2025 for the team. He was recovering after a back injury that had kept him out of IPL 2023. He did be absent the early fixtures of the league 2025 as he was returned back to condition, but he rejoined the MI squad in April and participated in their games subsequently.

    Q: Where can I see the tournament 2025 broadcast?
    A: In the nation, the competition 2025 events were broadcast live on the sports network broadcaster (on TV) and digitally streamed on the platform site (Viacom18 operates the online rights).

    Q: Who were some memorable stars in the competition 2025?
    A: Several cricketers produced outstanding campaigns in the league 2025. To highlight a few star cricketers: Virat Kohli (RCB), Sai Sudharsan (GT), Prasidh Krishna (GT), Suryakumar Yadav (MI), Shreyas Iyer (PBKS), Jasprit Bumrah (MI).


    To summarize, the league 2025 was a special year that had it all: an extended schedule, updated squads, record-breaking auction buys, and an dark horse success. Fans loved not just the matches but also the buzz and betting excitement around each game. The season continues to be the most entertaining T20 tournament in the planet, and that is what makes it so remarkable for followers and stakeholders alike. Here’s to the next IPL, with its never-ending buzz and happiness for cricket lovers!

    76


    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *